Il fondamento della normatività. Fra trascendentalità e naturalismo. Risposta ai miei critici

The paper attempts to respond to the objections that have been formulated in reference to the book The Ethos of Recognition (Laterza, Roma-Bari 2023). The answers are divided into 16 thematic points. The author defends his idea of recognition not as an intersubjective but as an objective relationship, in which an ethos acts, the ethos of recognition. This can be reconstructed and founded through a transcendental refutation on the model of the famous Aristotelian elenchos of Metaphysics fourth book. This ethos has a natural genesis and has its roots in the natural history of humankind. However, it manifests itself with the characteristics of transcendental structures, that is, as unavoidable and unassailable. The foundation of our normativity and freedom consists in it. Between this ethos and its historical realizations, that is, the concretely existing forms of ethical life, there exists a transcendental difference that prevents them from being identified. A renewed critical theory of society is rooted in this difference.